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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the Anglo-Saxon monarch, see Eni of EastAnglia.
Eni S.p.A. (NYSE: E, BIT: ENI) is an Italian multinational oil and gas company, present in70 countries, and currently Italy's largest industrial company witha market capitalization of ⬠87.7billioneuros (US$138 billion), as of July 24, 2008.[2] TheItalian Government owns a 30% golden share in the company: 20% heldthrough the state Treasuryand 10% held through the Cassadepositi e prestiti.
HistoryStart and the earlypost-war years
The 1920/'30s - Italy Launches an Oil and GasPolicy
Incorporation of Agip.Exploration begun in Italy and foreign ventures initiated (Romania,Albania, Iraq). Exploration proceeds inside Italy and the Agipdistribution network is created. After World War 2, Enrico Mattei isappointed Special Administrator to close down Agip but subsequentthe discovery of the Caviaga gas field in the Po Valley, theprocess to liquidate Agip is halted.
The '50sand '60s
Incorporation Of Eni and Expansion Of Activities InItaly and Abroad
Despite initial postwar plans to break-up the Agip company,Agip's administrator Enrico Mattei converted it to a statemonopoly, renamed Eni. The name derives from the initials of thecompany's original full title Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi, but is nolonger used as an acronym. The Italian Government authorized itsestablishment on February 10, 1953 in order to implement a nationalenergy strategy based on the concentration of all the activities inthe energy sector into one group. Eni was to supply energy to Italyand contribute to the country's industrial development.
Eni broke the monopoly of the major oil companies by introducinga new contractual formula with the producer countries. Thisformula, which is first applied in Egypt and Iran, enabled Eni toshare in the profits of oil and gas development. Discovery of thefirst European offshore gas field under the Adriatic Sea nearRavenna and discovery of the 'El Borma' field in Tunisia, one ofthe largest reservoirs in Africa.
The head of Eni, Mattei, a center left politician, had developedcooperation with communist countries, and the import of oil fromthe Soviet Union became an important part of Eni's operations. Atthe same time, Eni was involved in a series of high profilepolitical corruption scandals.
The'70s/'80s
Gas as a Solution to the Oil Crisis and the Algerian GasPipeline
Eni identifies natural gas as an energy source that can meet thecrisis resulting from the first oil embargo. Agreements signed toimport gas from the Soviet Union and the Netherlands. Using a new'gravity' platform Agip discovers and then brings into productionthe 'Loango' field in offshore Congo. Agip drills to a record depthof 5,500 meters at the Malossa field (near Milan) and discovers anew reservoir. The first remote controlled platform is installed byAgip in the 'Perla' field, offshore Sicily.
Snam inaugurates the Transmediterranean pipeline, transportinggas from the Hassi-R-Mel field in Algeria to the Po Valley. Themore than 2,500 km-long gas pipeline starts in the Algerian desert,crosses Tunisia, the Sicilian Channel (at a water depth of over 650metres) and proceeds through Sicily and up the length of the entireItalian peninsula. A new record in offshore drilling at sea-depthsof over 800 metres is established with the discovery of a new fieldin the Otranto Channel. Onshore, a new record is achieved with thediscovery of the 'Villafortuna' reservoir at a depth of 6,000metres near Novara in Northern Italy. The new SWACS system, usingacoustic signals to operate underwater production valves, is putinto operation.
The '90s
Eni becomes a joint stock company
From being a public corporation Eni is now transformed into ajoint stock company, as most of Eni's Share capital is put on themarket in four successive public issues.
Agip's international activities expand with new acquisitions inAlgeria, China, Angola, the North Sea and Egypt, while newagreements are signed with Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and for theNigerian and Angolan deep water offshore. The 'Aquila' deepwaterfield (Otranto Channel) is brought into production. Eniincorporates Agip, thus becoming directly an oil and gasproducer. Eni's daily oil and gas production reaches 1 million barrels of oil equivalent. CurrentoperationsExploration andproduction
Eni operates in the exploration and production of hydrocarbonsin Italy, North Africa, West Africa, the North Sea, the Gulf ofMexico and Australia. It also operates in areas with greatexploration and production potential such as the Caspian Sea, theMiddle and Far East, India and Alaska.
Its crude oil production comes primarily from Libya, Egypt,Nigeria, the Congo, the North Sea, and Angola, with smaller amountsof crude oil production in Tunisia and in the United States. Eni'sChina production began in 1992, although it currently amounts toonly 1 percent of Eni's total crude oil production.
In 2007, oil and natural gas production for the full yearaveraged 1.74 millions boe per day, making EniEurope's third largest refiner, after Royal Dutch Shell and Total S.A..
Estimated net proved reserves at December 31, 2007 were 6.37billions boe determined based on a year-end Brent price of $96.02per barrel. The amount of proved reserves comprised 30% ofquantities of the three equity accounted Russian companies (SeverEnergia) purchased aspart of a bid procedure for assets of bankrupt Yukos and participated by Eni with a 60%interest, considering that it is probable that Gazprom will exercise a call option to acquirea 51% interest in these companies.
Eni carried out several hydrocarbon discoveries in recent years;the main discoveries were made in: Angola, Brazil, Congo, Egypt,Indonesia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Scotland, the Gulf of Mexicoand Alaska. In 2007, a total of 81 new exploratory wells weredrilled (43.5 of which represented Eni's share). Moreover, thecompany acquired oil and gas assets in the Gulf of Mexico from DominionResources and in onshore Congo from Maurel & Prom withtotal expenditures amounting to â¬4.52 billion.
Gas
Eni operates in the supply, transport, distribution and sale ofnatural gas. Gas sales reached 99 billion cubic meters in 2007. InJune 2008 the company bought a 57% stake in Distrigas, a Belgian company that suppliesnatural gas to industries, resellers and electricity producers.[3] InMarch 2009 it bought the remaining 43%. As of June 30, 2009Distrigas is a fully owned subsidiary of Eni.[4]
Power
Eni's electricity generation sites in Italy, as of January 2010,are the following:
Editions Eni PdfEngineering andconstruction
Eni operates in engineering, oilfield services and constructionboth offshore and onshore through Saipem, a subsidiary listed on the Italian StockExchange (Eni's interest is 43%).
ControversiesEncyclopedia Of Hydrocarbons Eni Pdf To Excel Pdf
The Central Energy ItalianGas Holding scandal in 2005 involved Eni, Gazprom and Silvio Berlusconi.[5]
In 2009, the European Commission filed formal antitrust chargesagainst Eni. The commission believes that Eni has conspired to keepcompetitors from using its gas pipelines.[6]
SubsidiariesEncyclopedia Of Hydrocarbons Eni Pdf To Excel Converter
Notes
Prueba Eni PdfBibliographyEmmanuel Eni Pdf
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